Radiothermie / Wasserstoff-Therapie / Wissenschaftliche Studien zu Wasserstoff im Überblick

Wissenschaftliche Studien zu Wasserstoff im Überblick

Seit der wegweisenden Studie von Ohsawa (2007) ist die Forschung zu molekularem Wasserstoff rasant gewachsen. Die folgende Übersicht enthält alle auf dieser Website zitierten Studien — ergänzt um ausgewählte Reviews, geordnet nach Themengebiet.

Geschichte der Wasserstoff-Therapie

  1. Ohsawa, I. et al. (2007). Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nature Medicine, 13, 688–694. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17486089/
  2. Dole, M., Wilson, F.R. & Fife, W.P. (1975). Hyperbaric Hydrogen Therapy: A Possible Treatment for Cancer. Science, 190(4210), 152–154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1166304/
  3. Shirahata, S. et al. (1997). Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 234, 269–274. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169001/
  4. Henry, M. & Chambron, J. (2013). Physico-Chemical, Biological and Therapeutic Characteristics of Electrolyzed Reduced Alkaline Water (ERAW). Water, 5(4), 2094–2115. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/5/4/2094
  5. LeBaron, T.W. et al. (2022). Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review I. Molecular Hydrogen Is the Exclusive Agent Responsible for the Therapeutic Effects. Antioxidants, 11(12), 2507. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738607/
  6. LeBaron, T.W., Ohno, K. & Hancock, J.T. (2023). The On/Off History of Hydrogen in Medicine: Will the Interest Persist This Time Around? Oxygen, 3(1), 143–162. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9801/3/1/11
  7. Hancock, J.T. & LeBaron, T.W. (2023). The Early History of Hydrogen and Other Gases in Respiration and Biological Systems: Revisiting Beddoes, Cavallo, and Davy. Oxygen, 3(1), 102–119. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9801/3/1/8

→ Ausführlich beschrieben auf der Seite Die Geschichte der Wasserstoff-Therapie

Wirkungsweise von Wasserstoff

  1. Ohsawa, I. et al. (2007). Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nature Medicine, 13, 688–694. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17486089/
  2. Ohta, S. (2014). Molecular hydrogen as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas: initiation, development and potential of hydrogen medicine. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 144(1), 1–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24769081/
  3. Ichihara, M. et al. (2015). Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen — comprehensive review of 321 original articles. Medical Gas Research, 5, 12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4610055/
  4. Cheng, D. et al. (2023). Hydrogen: A Rising Star in Gas Medicine as a Mitochondria-Targeting Nutrient via Activating Keap1-Nrf2 Antioxidant System. Antioxidants, 12(12), 2062. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10740752/
  5. Ishibashi, T. (2013). Molecular Hydrogen: New Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19, 6375–6381. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3788323/
  6. Chen, H.G. et al. (2013). Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of molecular hydrogen in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. International Journal of Surgery, 11(10), 1060–1066. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24148794/
  7. Furman, D. et al. (2019). Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nature Medicine, 25(12), 1822–1832. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7147972/
  8. Zheng, Y. & Zhu, D. (2016). Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 5806057. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4931094/
  9. Bjelakovic, G. et al. (2007). Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 297(8), 842–857. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327526/

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Übergreifende Reviews und Übersichtsarbeiten

  1. Johnsen, H.M. et al. (2023). Molecular Hydrogen Therapy — A Review on Clinical Studies and Outcomes. Molecules, 28(23), 7785. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10707987/
  2. Mohd Noor, M.N.Z. et al. (2023). A Systematic Review of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Cancer Management. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 24(1), 37–47. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10152878/
  3. Nicolson, G.L. et al. (2021). Molecular Hydrogen as Medicine: An Assessment of Administration Methods. Hydrogen, 2(4), 444–460. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/2/4/25

Sport und Regeneration

  1. Zhou, K. et al. (2023). Effects of molecular hydrogen supplementation on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1094767. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9934906/
  2. Mikami, T. et al. (2019). Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 97(9), 857–862. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31251888/
  3. Ostojic, S.M. & Stojanovic, M.D. (2014). Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men. Research in Sports Medicine, 22(1), 49–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24392771/
  4. Timón, R. et al. (2021). Effects of 7-day intake of hydrogen-rich water on physical performance of trained and untrained subjects. Biology of Sport, 38(2), 269–275. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34079172/
  5. Jebabli, N. et al. (2023). Acute effect of hydrogen-rich water on physical, perceptual and cardiac responses during aerobic and anaerobic exercises: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded cross-over trial. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1240871. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38162831/
  6. Javorac, D. et al. (2019). Short-term H2 inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults. Biology of Sport, 37(2), 167–172. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31938004/
  7. LeBaron, T.W. et al. (2019). Acute Supplementation with Molecular Hydrogen Benefits Submaximal Exercise Indices. Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 9(1), 36–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30918832/
  8. Botek, M. et al. (2022). Molecular Hydrogen Mitigates Performance Decrement during Repeated Sprints in Professional Soccer Players. Nutrients, 14(3), 508. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8838970/
  9. Botek, M. et al. (2019). Hydrogen Rich Water Improved Ventilatory, Perceptual and Lactate Responses to Exercise. Int. J. Sports Med., 40(14), 879–885. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31574544/
  10. Aoki, K. et al. (2012). Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes. Medical Gas Research, 2, 12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22520831/
  11. Da Ponte, A. et al. (2018). Effects of hydrogen rich water on prolonged intermittent exercise. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(5), 612–621. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28474871/
  12. Kuzmanovic, J. et al. (2025). The effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for six weeks on exercise-related biomarkers in exercise-naïve men and women over 50 years following resistance training program: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Research in Sports Medicine, 33(6), 711–721. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40525414/
  13. Botek, M. et al. (2022b). Hydrogen Rich Water Consumption Positively Affects Muscle Performance, Lactate Response, and Alleviates Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness After Resistance Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(10), 2792–2799. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33555824/
  14. Sládečková, B. et al. (2024). Hydrogen-rich water supplementation promotes muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1321160. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38681143/
  15. Shibayama, Y. et al. (2020). Impact of hydrogen-rich gas mixture inhalation through nasal cannula during post-exercise recovery period on subsequent oxidative stress, muscle damage, and exercise performances in men. Medical Gas Research, 10(4), 155–162. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33380581/
  16. Ostojic, S.M., Vukomanovic, B., Calleja-Gonzalez, J. & Hoffman, J.R. (2014). Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries. Postgraduate Medicine, 126(5), 187–195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25295663/
  17. Valenta, M. et al. (2022). Acute pre-exercise hydrogen rich water intake does not improve running performance at maximal aerobic speed in trained track and field runners. PLoS One, 17(12), e0279307. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36538554/
  18. Alharbi, A.A.D. et al. (2021). Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Incremental Exercise in Humans. Nutrients, 13(2), 459. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33573133/
  19. Ooi, C.H. et al. (2020). Acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water does not improve incremental treadmill running performance in endurance-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(5), 513–519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31675478/
  20. Kawamura, T. et al. (2018). Involvement of Neutrophil Dynamics and Function in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: Effect of Hydrogen Bath. Antioxidants, 7(10), 127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30257503/

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Alzheimer, Parkinson & Schlaganfall

  1. Nishimaki, K. et al. (2018). Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Current Alzheimer Research, 15(5), 482–492. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110615/
  2. Ono, H., Nishijima, Y. & Ohta, S. (2023). Therapeutic Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas for Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Subsequent Long-Term Follow-Up as a Disease-Modifying Treatment: An Open Label Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals, 16(3), 434. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36986533/
  3. Dan, Z., Li, H. & Xie, J. (2023). Efficacy of donepezil plus hydrogen-oxygen mixture inhalation for treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(30), e34382. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37505148/
  4. Baltic, S. et al. (2024). The impact of six-week dihydrogen-pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging, 28(8), 100287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38908296/
  5. Todorovic, N. et al. (2021). Hydrogen-rich water and caffeine for alertness and brain metabolism in sleep-deprived habitual coffee drinkers. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(9), 5139–5145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34532023/
  6. Yoritaka, A. et al. (2013). Pilot study of H2 therapy in Parkinson’s disease: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Movement Disorders, 28(6), 836–839. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23400965/
  7. Yoritaka, A. et al. (2018). Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 33(9), 1505–1507. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207619/
  8. Hirayama, M. et al. (2019). Inhalation of hydrogen gas elevates urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in Parkinson’s disease. Medical Gas Research, 8(4), 144–149. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30713666/
  9. Hong, C.T. et al. (2021). Effects of concomitant use of hydrogen water and photobiomodulation on Parkinson disease: A pilot study. Medicine, 100(4), e24191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33530211/
  10. Ono, H. et al. (2017). Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Treatment in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection. J. Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26(11), 2587–2594. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28669654/
  11. Takeuchi, S. et al. (2021). Intravenous Hydrogen Therapy With Intracisternal Magnesium Sulfate Infusion in Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke, 52(1), 20–27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33349011/
  12. Ono, H. et al. (2011). Improved brain MRI indices in the acute brain stem infarct sites treated with hydroxyl radical scavengers, Edaravone and hydrogen. Medical Gas Research, 1(1), 12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22146068/
  13. Ramanathan, D., Huang, L., Wilson, T. & Boling, W. (2023). Molecular hydrogen therapy for neurological diseases: a review of current evidence. Medical Gas Research, 13(3), 94–98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36571372/
  14. Chen, W., Zhang, H.T. & Qin, S.C. (2021). Neuroprotective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen: A Critical Review. Neuroscience Bulletin, 37(3), 389–404. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33078374/

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Krebs

  1. Yang, Q. et al. (2017). Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on liver function of colorectal cancer patients treated with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy. Mol. Clin. Oncol., 7(5), 891–896. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29142752/
  2. Kang, K.M. et al. (2011). Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Medical Gas Research, 1(1), 11. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3231938/
  3. Liu, B. et al. (2025). Clinical Efficacy of Hydrogen Therapy on Acute Radiation Enteritis and Inflammatory Response in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Advances in Radiation Oncology, 10(11), 101879. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41020280/
  4. Wu, F. et al. (2024). Effects of perioperative hydrogen inhalation on brain edema and prognosis in patients with glioma. Frontiers in Neurology, 15, 1413904. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39099781/
  5. Akagi, J. & Baba, H. (2019). Hydrogen gas restores exhausted CD8+ T cells in patients with advanced colorectal cancer to improve prognosis. Oncology Reports, 41(1), 301–311. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30542740/
  6. Hirano, S. et al. (2021). Protective effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on radiation-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. Medical Gas Research, 11(3), 104–109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33942780/
  7. Chen, J.B., Kong, X.F., Mu, F., Lu, T.Y., Lu, Y.Y. & Xu, K.C. (2020). Hydrogen therapy can be used to control tumor progression and alleviate the adverse events of medications in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Medical Gas Research, 10(2), 75–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32541132/
  8. Chen, J.B. et al. (2019). „Real world survey“ of hydrogen-controlled cancer: a follow-up report of 82 advanced cancer patients. Medical Gas Research, 9(3), 115–121. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31552873/
  9. Kong, X., Lu, A., Lu, T., Yin, M. & Xu, K. (2022). Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy on Hearing Loss of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma After Radiotherapy. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 828370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35433731/
  10. Akagi, J. & Baba, H. (2020). Hydrogen gas activates coenzyme Q10 to restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, especially PD-1+Tim3+terminal CD8+ T cells, leading to better nivolumab outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 20(5), 258. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32994821/
  11. Chitapanarux, I. et al. (2024). Pilot Feasibility and Safety Study of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Onco Targets and Therapy, 17, 879–888. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39493677/
  12. Chen, J.B. et al. (2020b). Two weeks of hydrogen inhalation can significantly reverse adaptive and innate immune system senescence patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a self-controlled study. Medical Gas Research, 10(3), 149–154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33380580/

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Lunge

  1. Zheng, Z.G. et al. (2021). Hydrogen/oxygen therapy for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Research, 22(1), 146. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33985501/
  2. Tang, C. et al. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of Hydrogen Therapy in Patients with Early-Stage Interstitial Lung Disease. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 19, 1025–1039. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38107500/
  3. Wang, S.-T. et al. (2020). Hydrogen gas (XEN) inhalation ameliorates airway inflammation in asthma and COPD patients. QJM, 113(12), 870–875. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407476/
  4. Zhou, Z.Q. et al. (2019). Breathing Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture Decreases Inspiratory Effort in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis. Respiration, 97(1), 42–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30227423/
  5. Chen, J.B., Kong, X.F., Mu, F., Lu, T.Y., Lu, Y.Y. & Xu, K.C. (2020). Hydrogen therapy can be used to control tumor progression and alleviate the adverse events of medications in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Medical Gas Research, 10(2), 75–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32541132/
  6. Akagi, J. & Baba, H. (2020). Hydrogen gas activates coenzyme Q10 to restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, especially PD-1+Tim3+terminal CD8+ T cells, leading to better nivolumab outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 20(5), 258. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32994821/
  7. Guan, W.J. et al. (2020). Hydrogen/oxygen mixed gas inhalation improves disease severity and dyspnea in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. J. Thoracic Disease, 12(6), 3448–3452. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32642277/
  8. Shi, M.-M. et al. (2023). The efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy favored the recovery of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 73(3), 228–233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37970554/
  9. Zeng, Y.Y. et al. (2023). Effect of hydrogen/oxygen therapy for ordinary COVID-19 patients: a propensity-score matched case-control study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 23(1), 440. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37386364/
  10. Botek, M. et al. (2022). Molecular Hydrogen Positively Affects Physical and Respiratory Function in Acute Post-COVID-19 Patients. Int. J. Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1992. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35206179/
  11. Tan, Y. et al. (2024). The Effect of 14-Day Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Alleviates Fatigue but Does Not Ameliorate Dyspnea in Long-COVID Patients: A Pilot, Single-Blind, and Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16(10), 1529. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38794767/
  12. Gaboreau, Y. et al. (2024). Molecular Hydrogen for Outpatients with COVID-19 (Hydro-COVID): A Phase 3 Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Pragmatic, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(16), 4744. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124575/

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Diabetes

  1. Todorovic, N. et al. (2023). The Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Blood Lipid Profiles in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16(2), 142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37259294/
  2. Jamialahmadi, H. et al. (2024). The Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Blood Lipid Profiles in Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int. J. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 22(3), e148600. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11742746/
  3. Zhao, Z. et al. (2023). Effectiveness and safety of hydrogen inhalation as an adjunct treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 1087865. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36743938/
  4. Kajiyama, S. et al. (2008). Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition Research, 28(3), 137–143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19083400/
  5. Ogawa, S. et al. (2022). Electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water for oxidative stress suppression and improvement of insulin resistance: a multicenter prospective double-blind randomized control trial. Diabetology International, 13(1), 209–219. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35059257/
  6. LeBaron, T.W. et al. (2020). The Effects of 24-Week, High-Concentration Hydrogen-Rich Water on Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profiles and Inflammation Biomarkers in Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 13, 889–896. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7102907/
  7. Liang, B. et al. (2023). Hydrogen-Rich Water Ameliorates Metabolic Disorder via Modifying Gut Microbiota in Impaired Fasting Glucose Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel), 12(6), 1245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37371975/
  8. Song, G. et al. (2015). Hydrogen Activates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1-Dependent Efflux Ex Vivo and Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 100(7), 2724–2733. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25978109/
  9. Song, G. et al. (2013). Hydrogen-rich water decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome. Journal of Lipid Research, 54(7), 1884–1893. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23610159/
  10. Nakao, A., Toyoda, Y., Sharma, P., Evans, M. & Guthrie, N. (2010). Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome — an open label pilot study. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 46(2), 140–149. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20216947/

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Niere und Dialyse

  1. Nakayama, M. et al. (2018). Novel haemodialysis (HD) treatment employing molecular hydrogen (H2)-enriched dialysis solution improves prognosis of chronic dialysis patients. Scientific Reports, 8, 254. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29321509/
  2. Nakayama, M. et al. (2017). Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation. PLoS One, 12(9), e0184535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902900/
  3. Huang, K.C. et al. (2006). Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients. Kidney International, 70(2), 391–398. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16760903/
  4. Huang, K.C. et al. (2010). Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 25(8), 2730–2737. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20190245/
  5. Nakayama, M. et al. (2025). Hemodialysis employing molecular hydrogen (H2) enriched dialysis solution may improve dialysis related fatigue through impact on energy metabolism. Scientific Reports, 15, 4878. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934143/
  6. Nakayama, M. et al. (2010). A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 25(9), 3026–3033. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20388631/
  7. Huang, K.C. et al. (2003). Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water. Kidney International, 64(2), 704–714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12846769/
  8. Nakayama, M. et al. (2009). Biological effects of electrolyzed water in hemodialysis. Nephron Clinical Practice, 112(1), c9–c15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342864/
  9. Terawaki, H. et al. (2014). Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International, 18(2), 459–466. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24274030/

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Haut, Wundheilung und Anti-Aging

  1. Zhu, Q. et al. (2018). Positive effects of hydrogen-water bathing in patients of psoriasis and parapsoriasis en plaques. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 8051. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5966409/
  2. Chilicka, K., Rogowska, A.M. & Szygula, R. (2021). Effects of Topical Hydrogen Purification on Skin Parameters and Acne Vulgaris in Adult Women. Healthcare, 9(2), 144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33535651/
  3. Chilicka, K. et al. (2022). Efficacy of Hydrogen Purification and Cosmetic Acids in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(21), 6269. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36362497/
  4. Wong, L.-S. & Kuo, H.-C. (2025). Nano-Bubble Hydrogen Water in Wet-Wrap Dressing Improves the Severity of Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 39(6), 927–934. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40833316/
  5. Debkowska, N. et al. (2025). Topically Applied Molecular Hydrogen Normalizes Skin Parameters Associated with Oxidative Stress: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants, 14(6), 729. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12189295/
  6. Li, Q. et al. (2013). Hydrogen water intake via tube-feeding for patients with pressure ulcer and its reconstructive effects on normal human skin cells in vitro. Medical Gas Research, 3(1), 20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24020833/
  7. Shin, M.H. et al. (2013). Atomic hydrogen surrounded by water molecules, H(H2O)m, modulates basal and UV-induced gene expressions in human skin in vivo. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e61696. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23637886/
  8. Kato, S. et al. (2012). Hydrogen-rich electrolyzed warm water represses wrinkle formation against UVA ray together with type-I collagen production and oxidative-stress diminishment in fibroblasts and cell-injury prevention in keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 106, 24–33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22070900/
  9. Ono, H. et al. (2012). Hydrogen (H2) treatment for acute erythematous skin diseases. A report of 4 patients with safety data and a non-controlled feasibility study. Medical Gas Research, 2(1), 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22607973/

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Magen und Darm

  1. Franceschelli, S. et al. (2018). Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen. J. Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 22(5), 2750–2759. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29512923/
  2. Maruyama, T. et al. (2025). Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Improved Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biomedicines, 13(8), 1799. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12383636/
  3. Bajgai, J. et al. (2023). Effects of Drinking Electrolyzed Alkaline-Reduced Water on Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Prospective Trial. Processes, 11(3), 968. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/3/968
  4. Tanaka, Y. et al. (2021). The effects of ingestion of hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on stool consistency and gut microbiota. Medical Gas Research, 11(4), 138–144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34213495/
  5. Shin, D.W. et al. (2018). Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Drinking Water on Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 9147914. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5925025/
  6. Tashiro, H. et al. (2000). Clinical evaluation of alkaline ionized water for chronic diarrhea — placebo-controlled double-blind study. Digestion and Absorption, 23(2), 52–56. (Japanischsprachig; englische Zusammenfassung in Tanaka et al. 2018: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6352572/)
  7. Sha, J.B. et al. (2018). Effects of the long-term consumption of hydrogen-rich water on the antioxidant activity and the gut flora in female juvenile soccer players from Suzhou, China. Medical Gas Research, 8(4), 135–143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30713665/
  8. Sharma, S., Bajgai, J. et al. (2023). The Effect of Electrolyzed Hydrogen-Rich Alkaline Reduced Water on Patients with Chronic Constipation. Processes, 11(7), 2142. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/7/2142

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Herz und Gefäße

  1. Tamura, T. et al. (2023). Efficacy of inhaled hydrogen on neurological outcome following brain ischaemia during post-cardiac arrest care (HYBRID II). EClinicalMedicine (The Lancet), 58, 101907. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36969346/
  2. Katsumata, Y. et al. (2017). The Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction. Circ. J., 81(7), 940–947. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28321000/
  3. Deryugina, A.V. et al. (2023). Molecular hydrogen exposure improves functional state of red blood cells in the early postoperative period: a randomized clinical study. Medical Gas Research, 13(2), 59–66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36204784/
  4. Song, G. et al. (2015). Hydrogen Activates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1-Dependent Efflux Ex Vivo and Improves HDL Function in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 100(7), 2724–2733. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25978109/
  5. Liu, C. et al. (2022). The effect of a low dose hydrogen-oxygen mixture inhalation in midlife/older adults with hypertension. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1006384. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36278221/
  6. Ishibashi, T. et al. (2020). Peripheral endothelial function can be improved by daily consumption of water containing over 7 ppm of dissolved hydrogen. PLoS One, 15(5), e0233484. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7259729/
  7. Sakai, T. et al. (2014). Consumption of water containing over 3.5 mg of dissolved hydrogen could improve vascular endothelial function. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 10, 591–597. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25378931/

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Leber und Entgiftung

  1. Tao, G. (2022). A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 26(14), 4113–4123. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9279585/
  2. Kura, B. (2022). Biological Effects of Hydrogen Water on Subjects with NAFLD: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants, 11(10), 1935. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9598482/
  3. Korovljev, D. et al. (2019). Hydrogen-rich water reduces liver fat accumulation and improves liver enzyme profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol., 43(6), 688–693. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982748/
  4. Xia, C. et al. (2013). Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin. Transl. Sci., 6(5), 372–375. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24127924/
  5. Yang, Q. et al. (2017). Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on liver function of colorectal cancer patients treated with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy. Mol. Clin. Oncol., 7(5), 891–896. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29142752/
  6. Kang, K.M., Kang, Y.N., Choi, I.B., Gu, Y., Kawamura, T., Toyoda, Y. & Nakao, A. (2011). Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Medical Gas Research, 1(1), 11. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3231938/

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Gelenke und Rheuma

  1. Wang, C. et al. (2025). Hydrogen-oxygen mixture inhalation as an adjunctive treatment to home-based exercise in older patients with knee osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1505922. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950118/
  2. Ishibashi, T. et al. (2014). Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Int. Immunopharmacology, 21(2), 468–473. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24929023/
  3. Ishibashi, T. et al. (2012). Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label pilot study. Medical Gas Research, 2, 27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3563451/
  4. Ishibashi, T. et al. (2015). Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12(2), 2757–2764. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25936373/
  5. Wu, F. et al. (2024). Effects of hydrogen-rich water on blood uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Heliyon, 10(16), e36401. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39258191/

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Schlaf, Stimmung und Angst

  1. Gao, Y.H. et al. (2025). Effect of hydrogen-oxygen inhalation on sleep disorders and abnormal mood: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Medical Gas Research, 16(2), 98–102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40826930/
  2. Mizuno, K. et al. (2017). Hydrogen-rich water for improvements of mood, anxiety, and autonomic nerve function in daily life. Medical Gas Research, 7(4), 247–255. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29497485/
  3. Aker, M.N. et al. (2024). The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Women’s Health, 24(1), 197. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38532373/
  4. Fernández-Serrano, A.B. et al. (2022). Effects of hydrogen water and psychological treatment in a sample of women with panic disorder: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Health Psychology Research, 10(3), 35468. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774917/

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Übergewicht und Körperfett

  1. Todorovic, N. et al. (2025). The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina, 61(7), 1299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731927/
  2. Grepl, P., Botek, M., Krejčí, J. & McKune, A. (2025). Molecular hydrogen inhalation modulates resting metabolism in healthy females: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Medical Gas Research, 15(3), 367–373. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39923133/
  3. Korovljev, D., Trivic, T., Drid, P. & Ostojic, S.M. (2018). Molecular hydrogen affects body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial function in middle-aged overweight women. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 187(1), 85–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560519/
  4. Korovljev, D., Todorovic, N., Ranisavljev, M., Andjelic, B., Kladar, N., Stajer, V. & Ostojic, S.M. (2023). Hydrogen-rich water upregulates fecal propionic acid levels in overweight adults. Nutrition, 116, 112200. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37734117/

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Nase und Nasennebenhöhlen

  1. Jin, L. et al. (2022). The Beneficial Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Irrigation on Chronic Rhinitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Journal of Inflammation Research, 15, 3983–3995. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35873384/
  2. Jin, L. et al. (2024). Clinical Observation of Hydrogen-Rich Saline for Nasal Irrigation After Surgery for Chronic Sinusitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Journal of Inflammation Research, 17, 7361–7372. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39429848/
  3. Wang, N. et al. (2024). Hydrogen inhalation: A novel approach to alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms by modulating nasal flora. World Allergy Organization Journal, 17(10), 100970. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39308790/

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Augenerkrankungen

  1. Igarashi, T. et al. (2019). Effects of Hydrogen in Prevention of Corneal Endothelial Damage During Phacoemulsification: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 207, 10–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31077667/
  2. Kubota, M. et al. (2021). Randomized, crossover clinical efficacy trial in humans and mice on tear secretion promotion and lacrimal gland protection by molecular hydrogen. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6434. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33742060/
  3. Chen, X. et al. (2023). The clinical research on the effect of hydrogen-rich water on primary retinitis pigmentosa. Heliyon, 9(10), e20671. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37860576/

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Weitere Anwendungsgebiete

  1. Lv, X. et al. (2022). Hydrogen intake relieves alcohol consumption and hangover symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized and placebo-controlled crossover study.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(5), 1208–1218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36124653/
  2. Okada, M. et al. (2022). A double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial of hydrogen inhalation therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 1024634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36507329/
  3. Kong, X., Lu, A., Lu, T., Yin, M. & Xu, K. (2022). Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy on Hearing Loss of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma After Radiotherapy. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 828370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35433731/
  4. Azuma, T. et al. (2015). Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water Has Additive Effects on Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment of Improving Periodontitis: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants, 4(3), 513–522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26783840/
  5. Maruyama, T., Takayama, E., Tokuno, S., Morita, M. & Ekuni, D. (2025). Efficacy of Oral Intake of Hydrogen-Rich Jelly Intake on Gingival Inflammation: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare, 13(5), 577. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40077138/
  6. Zanini, D., Todorovic, N., Korovljev, D. et al. (2021). The effects of 6-month hydrogen-rich water intake on molecular and phenotypic biomarkers of aging in older adults aged 70 years and over: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Experimental Gerontology, 155, 111574. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34601077/
  7. Qian, L. et al. (2020). Hydrogen in Patients With Corticosteroid-Refractory/Dependent Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 598359. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33324415/
  8. Ito, M. et al. (2011). Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies. Medical Gas Research, 1(1), 24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22146674/
  9. Friedberg, F. et al. (2025). Hydrogen water and heart rate variability biofeedback as treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot randomized trial. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 13(3), 173–187. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2025.2504211
  10. Lui, S.-W. et al. (2025). Predicting therapeutic response to molecular hydrogen in autoimmune diseases via immunophenotyping. APMIS, 133(7), e70040. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40590161/
  11. Zhang, Q. et al. (2025). Hydrogen-rich water supplementation attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic high-altitude disease patients. Food Research International, 219, 117118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40922182/
  12. Matsumoto, S. et al. (2013). Effect of supplementation with hydrogen-rich water in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology, 81(2), 226–230. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23374763/

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Verabreichung und Dosierung

  1. Ono, H. et al. (2012). A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level. Medical Gas Research, 2, 21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22916706/
  2. Shimouchi, A. et al. (2012). Estimation of Molecular Hydrogen Consumption in the Human Whole Body After the Ingestion of Hydrogen-Rich Water. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 737, 245–250. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22259109/
  3. Shimouchi, A. et al. (2009). Breath Hydrogen Produced by Ingestion of Commercial Hydrogen Water and Milk. Biomarker Insights, 4, 27–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19652760/
  4. Sano, M. et al. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of a single inhalation of hydrogen gas in pigs. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0234626. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32559239/
  5. Ito, M. et al. (2012). Drinking hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas exposure, but not lactulose or continuous hydrogen gas exposure, prevent 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats. Medical Gas Research, 2, 15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22608009/
  6. Ohta, S. (2011). Recent progress toward hydrogen medicine: potential of molecular hydrogen for preventive and therapeutic applications. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(22), 2241–2252. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21736547/

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Sicherheit

  1. Cole, A.R. et al. (2021). Safety of Prolonged Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas in Air in Healthy Adults. Critical Care Explorations, 3(10), e0543. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34651133/
  2. Edel, P.O. (1971). The Use of Hydrogen as an Inert Gas During Diving: Pulmonary Function During H2-O2 Breathing at 7.06 ATA. U.S. Navy Report ADA020046. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA020046.pdf
  3. Lafay, V. et al. (1995). ECG changes during the experimental human dive HYDRA 10 (71 atm / 7,200 kPa). Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, 22(1), 51–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7742710/
  4. FDA (2014). GRAS Notice GRN Nr. 520 — Hydrogen gas. https://hfpappexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?set=grasnotices&id=520
  5. EFSA (2025). Neubewertung von Wasserstoff (E 949) als Lebensmittelzusatzstoff. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12329423/

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